What Is Crystal Meth?
Methamphetamine, also known as crystal meth or “meth,” is a potent central nervous system stimulant. Physically, it takes the form of either white powder or chunky white crystals, which is where the name “crystal meth” comes from.
Crystal meth is a popular recreational drug due to its high levels of euphoria and energy. These qualities make the medicine extremely addictive.
The DEA classifies methamphetamine as a Schedule II substance because of its significant potential for addiction. It is the world’s most popular street drug after marijuana. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), around six percent of Americans aged 12 or older have tried meth at least once.
Long-term use of crystal meth is extremely damaging to mental and physical health. Consequences run the gamut from damaged lungs to psychosis to tooth decay and more. Because of this, it’s imperative anyone abusing meth go through a methamphetamine detox.
How Do People Use Crystal Meth?
There are four primary ways people use crystal meth:
- Smoking – Placed into a pipe, heated, and inhaled. High is immediate, leading to severe damage to the lungs, as well as a higher risk of accidental burns.
- Snorting – Crushing the crystals into fine powder and inhaling through the nose. Produces a less intense high than smoking.
- Injecting – The drug is dissolved in water and injected directly into the bloodstream with a needle. Producing an immediate and extremely intense rush. It brings a high risk of skin infections and abscesses at the injection sites. As well as diseases like hepatitis and HIV.
- Swallowing – Ingesting the drug in pill form or as a powder wrapped in tissue (“parachuting”). It brings a slower onset of effects, but the high lasts much longer.
If you or someone you know is using methamphetamine, seeking a methamphetamine detox is critical. Rehabilitation programs, counseling, and harm-reduction strategies can provide support for quitting and recovery.
Is Crystal Meth Addictive?
It’s very addictive, one of the most addictive drugs there is. The powerful euphoria it provides can make it incredibly habit-forming.
The massive release of dopamine it stimulates, combined with how rapidly tolerance is developed, is what makes crystal meth so addictive.
Meth can destroy the brain’s dopamine receptors over time, making it difficult to get pleasure from other sources. This impact might cause users to take more of the drug in order to attain the same high, a habit known as “chasing the dragon,” which further worsens the damage to their brain chemistry.
All this underlines the importance of getting a meth detox.
What Is Meth Detox?
Meth detox, or methamphetamine detoxification, is the process of clearing the drug from an individual’s body while managing the physical and psychological symptoms of withdrawal. It is the first step in recovering from meth addiction and lays the groundwork for further treatment and rehabilitation.
How Long Does Meth Detox Take?
How long detox from crystal meth takes will vary based on individual factors. These include things like the severity of the addiction, frequency and duration of meth use, overall health, and the presence, if any, of any co-occurring addictions or mental health disorders.
What Are the Symptoms of Meth Detox?
The symptoms of detoxing from meth proceed along a general timeline. Here’s what that might look like:
First 24-48 Hours (Initial Crash)
- Intense fatigue
- Hunger
- Depression
- Cravings
- Intensity
Symptoms are at their peak at this time, especially in individuals with heavy use patterns.
First Week (Acute Withdrawal Phase)
- Persistent fatigue
- Intense drug cravings
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Mood swings
- Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or oversleeping
Symptoms may fluctuate but begin to decline in intensity by the end of the week.
Weeks 2-4 (Stabilization Phase)
- Emotional instability, including continued anxiety and depression.
- Cravings
- Appetite and body aches improve
- Sleep issues ease
Psychological symptoms tend to linger but are less acute than the first week.
One Month and Beyond (Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome – PAWS)
Post-acute withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS) refers to the lingering physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms that persist after the acute withdrawal phase of substance use, often lasting weeks to months or longer.
These include things like lingering cravings, occasional mood swings, low energy, and difficulty concentrating. An inability to feel pleasure, known as anhedonia, can also happen.
PAWS can last for months or even years in some cases but gradually improves with ongoing therapy and recovery support.
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How Can a Treatment Center Help with Meth Detox?
Treatment centers offer a controlled, drug-free space where individuals can focus entirely on recovery without external triggers or access to methamphetamine. Things like suicidal thoughts, intense fatigue, cravings, and depression demand around-the-clock medical supervision. Professionals can provide this to help detoxing from meth go smoothly.
Other things a treatment center can provide include individualized care plans, mental health support, nutritional support, and access to other resources like case management.
Medication-Assisted Treatment for Meth Detox
Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for methamphetamine detox and recovery focuses on managing withdrawal symptoms, reducing cravings, and addressing co-occurring mental health conditions.
Here’s a breakdown of the medications you mentioned and their role in meth detox:
Bupropion
Bupropion is an antidepressant that can increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain. These two neurotransmitters affect feelings of satisfaction and alertness, and both can be disrupted by heavy meth use. By normalizing these levels, bupropion can reduce cravings, alleviate fatigue, and improve mood, making meth detox go more smoothly.
Naltrexone
An opioid antagonist by design, naltrexone can also be used off-label for treating alcohol and meth use disorders. Studies suggest it can reduce meth cravings and inhibit the euphoria triggered by meth use. A study in the New England Journal of Medicine found that naltrexone used in combination with bupropion can be effective in addressing methamphetamine use.
Mirtazapine
Also known by its trade name, Remeron, this drug is an antidepressant that enhances serotonin and norepinephrine activity in the brain, with the goal of improving mood and sleep. Early research suggests mirtazapine can reduce meth use by addressing its side effects associated with poor sleep and anxiety.
Antipsychotics
Meth-induced psychosis is a particularly dangerous meth use side effect. That’s where antipsychotics come in. Used to manage severe psychological symptoms such as psychosis, agitation, or paranoia, these drugs can thus be very useful during acute meth withdrawal.
Examples of antipsychotics being successfully used in this way include Haloperidol and Risperidone.
Professional Crystal Meth Detox at a Treatment Center
Meth is a very serious addiction to have. If you find yourself or a loved one in this situation, the solution is a professional treatment center that offers crystal meth withdrawal programs. Treatment programs like those offered by Footprints to Recovery can help individuals break free from meth addiction and overcome meth withdrawal symptoms. Call or contact us today to get started with addiction treatments that can help meth users in the recovery process.
- Methamphetamine | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
- Drug Scheduling
- Bupropion for the Treatment of Methamphetamine Dependence | Neuropsychopharmacology
- Bupropion and Naltrexone in Methamphetamine Use Disorder | New England Journal of Medicine
- Effects of Mirtazapine for Methamphetamine Use Disorder Among Cisgender Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex With Men: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial | Sexually Transmitted Infections | JAMA Psychiatry | JAMA Network
- Methamphetamine-Associated Psychosis and Treatment With Haloperidol and Risperidone: A Pilot Study – PMC